Charles Dickens Great Expectations Essay - 1556 Words

â€Å"Part of Myself†: The Inability to Change in Dickens’s Great Expectations In Great Expectations Dickens demonstrates that no matter what you go through, you are who you are. Dickens represents this with Pip, for he is the character who has undergo so many different personalities, yet found himself to be the same in the end. Pip attempted to change his life, despite social standing, and become a suitable gentleman for Estella. Sadly, he didn t get the social title nor did he get the girl. Pip never actually had a title for himself in the beginning, and throughout the novel, never discovered his self-worth. This resulted in Pip essentially being a low class, mentally and physically abused- nobody, who had dreamed of a beautiful life. The first, and most obvious side of Pip, is when he was a little boy. This is the most important part of Pip, this is who he starts as, and this is who Dickens ends the novel with. Pip grew up in a place that was unlike the normal Victorian household. His sister was no angel, she was mentally and physically abusive to Pip and her husband Joe. My sister s bringing up has made me sensitive. In the little world in which children have their existence whosoever brings them up, there is nothing so finely perceived and so finely felt, as injustice. (63) His adult-narrator perspective shows that he knows his upbringing was bad, and gives us an insight into how he felt. Pip was terrified of his sister, he twisted the only button on his waistcoatShow MoreRelatedGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1113 Words   |  5 Pagesadventures that the male characters go on. This seems to be relevant in a lot of movies and books like the story Great Expectations by Charles Dickens. In Great Expectation s there are multiple female characters like Estella, Biddy, and Miss Havisham who all play a large part in the main character, Pip’s life. One of the first that we meet the character Estella in Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations is when Pip goes to Miss Havisham’s to play with her. The two kids play the game beggar my neighbor when EstellaRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1347 Words   |  6 Pagespoor status of the economy, social mobility does not seem to be occurring at high rates, with the poor getting poorer and rich getting richer. Despite this, social mobility is alive and well, and has been for centuries. In his novel, Great Expectations, Charles Dickens voices the concerns of many that lived in Victorian England during the 19th century by promoting such a desire to live life in a more prosperous social class. One of the most fundamental and reoccurring themes in the novel is that ofRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1426 Words   |  6 Pages Twelve-year-old Charles dickens gets ready for bed after a long day at the blacking house. These Victorian-aged memories will provide him with many ideas for his highly acclaimed novel Great Expectations. Set in 1830 England, Great Expectations is a coming-of-age story about a common innocent boy named Pip and his road to becoming a gentleman through the influence of others. Pip is influenced both positively and negatively by Estella, Herbert, and Magwitch. Estella left a huge impression on PipRead MoreGreat Expectations by Charles Dickens984 Words   |  4 PagesCharles Dickens utilizes his life for inspiration for the protagonist Pip in his novel Great Expectations. They both struggle with their social standing. Dickens loved plays and theatre and therefore incorporated them into Pip’s life. Dickens died happy in the middle class and Pip died happy in the middle class. The connection Dickens makes with his life to Pip’s life is undeniable. If readers understand Dickens and his upbringing then readers can understand how and why he created Pip’s upbringingRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations943 Words   |  4 Pages This is true in many cases but none as much as in Great Expectations. In many ways the narrator/protagonist Pip is Charles Dickens in body and mind. While there are many differences between the story and Charles Dickens life there remains one constant. This constant is the way Pip as the narra tor feels, because these feelings are Dickens s own feelings about the life he lead. Since Great Expectations was written towards end of Charles Dickens life, he was wiser and able to make out the mistakesRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1375 Words   |  6 PagesGreat Expectations by Charles Dickens and The Talented Mr Ripley by Anthony Minghella present similar criticisms of society to a large extent. Both of these texts consider the criticisms of rich social contexts (wealth and status), societal morality (whether a society is good or not. Status [can lead to the wrong people being in a high position i.e. making bad decisions affecting the community/society] Appearance [society appears to be moral/good (if you’re from a higher status) {dickens criticisesRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations1223 Words   |  5 PagesBeloved author Charles Dickens was born on February 7, 1812 in Portsmouth, England. Growing up in a life of poverty, his childhood hardshi ps provided the inspiration to write a myriad of classic novels including his 1861 seminole masterpiece, Great Expectations (â€Å"BBC History - Charles Dickens†). Great Expectations follows the life of an orphan named Pip, who’s perspective of the world is altered when he is attacked by an escaped convict in his parents’ graveyard in the town of Kent. Throughout hisRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens924 Words   |  4 Pagesa character driven novel, or a mix of the two. In order for a novel to be character driven, it must revolve more around the characters’ individual thoughts, feelings, and inner struggles, rather than around the quest of the story. Great Expectations, by Charles Dickens, is a character driven novel. While the story does have a plot, it is not contingent upon that plot, but rather is reliant upon its characters and their natures. This is evident from the beginning of the novel. From the opening ofRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations1669 Words   |  7 PagesCharles Dickens He was one of England s greatest authors of the 1800 s, better known as the Victorian era. The various themes and ideas of that time are perfectly showcased in his many novels and short stories, such as Nicholas Nickelby, Great Expectations, Oliver Twist, A Tale of Two Cities, and A Christmas Carol. Much of the inspiration for these works came from the trials and conflicts that he dealt with in his own life. His volumes of fictional writing show the greatRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations1017 Words   |  5 Pagesexperiencer is somewhere else absorbing knowledge of a different setting.This abstract adventure is seized by author Charles Dickens in Great Expectations. Great Expectations is historical fiction giving readers comprehension of the Victorian Era.Upon the reading, readers begin to catch on the intended purpose and its significance. A person who lived during the Victorian Era was Charles Dickens himself.He grew up during a time where differences in social class were to an extreme degree.Dickens went through

The Amazing Cell Essay - 776 Words

Cells are the essential component of life, comprised of billions of molecules. Molecules such as DNA, lipids, proteins, RNA, glycans, and small molecules that have defined molecular properties and biological activities. Every cell has the ability to respond to its environment and to communicate with other cells to create organs, tissues, and whole organisms. Cell and Molecular Biology is a field that bridges the fields of chemistry, structure and biology as it pursues to comprehend life and cellular developments at the molecular level. It’s important to determine the mechanisms that allow cells to have distinguished properties and synchronize the activities that form the vital structures which define a living cell. This will, one day, be†¦show more content†¦Fats, proteins, and carbohydrates can be utilized as fuels in cellular respiration. During the process of photosynthesis, light penetrates the cell and passes into the chloroplast. The energy from the light is int ercepted by chlorophyll molecules on the granal stacks. Some of the energy is transformed to chemical energy. During this process, a phosphate is added to a molecule to cause the formation of ATP. The third phosphate chemical bond contains the new chemical energy. The life of eukaryotic cells is characterized by a cell cycle with two major phases. These phases are known as call division and interphase. During cell division, the nucleus divides. This process is called mitosis. The divided nuclei are then established in separate cells. This process is called cytokinesis. The process in which Prokaryotic cells reproduce is called binary fission. During the interphase, the cell takes in nutrients, grows, and duplicates its chromosomes. In the cell the DNA is enclosed within the cytoplasm in a circular chromosome called a plasmid. The replication of the chromosome begins the reproductive process. The new chromosome attaches itself to the plasma membrane and the two chromosomes migrate to opposite ends of the cell. In the center of the cell, the plasma membrane grows inward until it closes. This separates the cell into two compartments. Each compartment contains a full complement of genetic material. The cell then splits at the center, establishingShow MoreRelatedEvaluation Of A Seminar Talk Summary903 Words   |  4 Pagescervical cancer cells. We learned that the beginning of the research was based mainly on the ATP and calcium in cells and how they could be used or manipulated for transport and permeabilization used to get drugs into cells and were faced with the question if this could have a therapeutic effect. The research was soon focused onto the P2x and P2y receptors of the cell, which are ion channels activated by ATP. Further research on the receptors determined that ATP could permeabilize cells and some channelsRead MoreThe Iphone Of The Apple Iphone982 Words   |  4 PagesSince the begin of the 20th century, cell phones have monopolized the technolo gy industry. Cell phone companies are constantly battling with each another, in order to stay at the peak of the market. Apple, one of the biggest phone companies in the world, has continuously prospered by successfully putting out extravagant phones year after year. The iPhone is one of the most prominent cell phones available right now. In a recent poll according to MacDailyNews.com, â€Å"48 % of people prefer the Apple iPhoneRead MoreCell phones have truly changed our lives Essay969 Words   |  4 PagesI would choose cell phone as my cultural artifact. It has become such an important aspect of our lives making it the mainstay of todays society. The ever evolving technology of cell phone has made it so important in todays life that living without it seems tedious. Cell phones these days are more than just a device to communicate and talk to people. It has become a gadget that allows you to communicate via email, calls, and texts and even without balance in your cell phone you can now contactRead MoreSeven Types Of Radical Honeybees Around The World1533 Words   |  7 PagesFrom their tremendous hives to their venomous stings to their countless hours of vigorously pollinating, honeybees are amazing. There are seven types of radical honeybees around the world.1 Humans are responsible for most deaths of these humble creatures. Little do we know that our harmful actions against honeybees could change the world forever.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Honeybees currently reside on every continent in the world, except for Antarctica.1 Honeybees live in hives and are widely known around the world forRead MoreNanoparticles Essay1011 Words   |  5 Pages apposed to one dimensional or two-dimensional nanomaterials which have one or two dimensions greater then a nanoscale. Nanoparticles have amazing applications in medicine pushing the boundaries of what we can accomplish in areas like medical imaging and drug and gene delivery. Nanoparticles are replacing conventional organic dyes used to dye tissue and cells for imagining with quantum dots. In drug delivery, they are using natural nano-polymers delivery methods to increase the solubility of drugsRead MoreModern Medical Technology1087 Words   |  4 Pagesusing technology with health and medical situations, however some of the major ones are 3D printing, creating cells/human-like robots and prostheses/limb and exoskeleton attachments. 3D printing allows for a very customizable, inexpensive and fairly quick and easy process for creating a variety of things from organs to devices that aid the user to complete a certain task. Creating cells and human-like robots is another very popular topic being experimented with. The data recorded when tryingRead MoreDown Syndrome : Genetic Disorder1293 Words   |  6 Pagesafter conception. All the cells in the human body contain a center, called a nucleus, in which genetic code of each human being is stored. This genetic material, known as genes, carries the codes respon sible for all our inherited characteristics from the mother and the father. Genes are grouped along rod-like structures called chromosomes. The nucleus of each cell normally contains 23 pairs of chromosomes, half of which come from each parent. In Down syndrome, however, the cells usually contain not 46Read MoreUsing 3d Printing Have Come Into The World Of Technology1163 Words   |  5 Pagesmaterials to make microscopic materials. Examples of possibilities that have come about because this micro technology include â€Å" heart stents, microneedles for painless shots, gecko adhesives, parts for microfluidics chips, and scaffolds for growing cells and tissue†(Patel, 2013). These ideas could provide a lot of the medical world in terms of treatment. Recently the newest section of 3D printing, microscale printing, has made waves in the technological advancements. One invention that seems extremelyRead MoreIn 1949 a scientist by the name of David Keilin conceived the term â€Å"cryptobiosis (meaning literally800 Words   |  4 Pagesoften described as a state in which all metabolic activity comes to a reversible termination, or an almost immeasurable stop. When a metabolism is stopped it would then also stop many common process from occurring such as, reproduction, growth, and cell repair. Throughout the essay you will get to understand the different kinds of cryptobiosis how they work and about the only known animal that can perform all of the kinds of cryptobiosis. Of the many kinds of cryptobiosis the most understood andRead MoreShould Cloning be Illegal or Legal?1283 Words   |  5 Pages Should cloning be illegal or legal? Cloning is the name for a group of organisms or other living matter with exactly the same genetic material. Cloning contains of genes and genetic material ,and the parts of cells that determine characteristics in living things. Some examples, of cloning material consists in nature, humans, and in most cases animals. Human cases of cloning: Clones in human cases are transformed through a very natural way. In most cases it is just naturally

Strategic the Leadership Experience

Question: Discuss about the Strategic the Leadership Experience. Answer: Introduction Leadership is defined as the process of creating ideas and vision, living by values that support those ideas and visions, influencing behaviour of their followers and making tough decisions as and when required(Hellriegel John W. Slocum, 2011). As per the definition of leadership the five key attributes of successful leadership are, ideas, vision, living by values, influencing others and making decisions. Success of a leader depends on a number of factors, however their choice of leadership style play the most significant role in determining their effectiveness as a leader(Bryman, 2013). A leaders style of providing directions, motivating others, formulating strategies and implementing plans is referred to as their leadership style. A leader can choose from five main types of leadership styles namely, situational leadership style, transactional leadership style, transformational leadership style, servant leadership style and authentic leadership style(Bertocci, 2009). Leaders choice of leadership style will greatly influence the overall performance, productivity, motivation, commitment and contribution of their employees towards organisational goals and objectives. The purpose of this report is to analyse the leadership style of Arnold Schwarzenegger and determine how his leadership style contributes towards his development as an effective leader. Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger born on 30th July, 1947 is an Austrian-American actor, businessman, filmmaker, author, investor, politician, former professional bodybuilder, activist and philanthropist (Gallo, 2012). From 2003 till 2011, Arnold served as the 38th Governor of California. At the tender age of 15 Arnold began his weight training and at the age of 20 he won the Mr. Universe title. He is recognised as one of the worlds greatest bodybuilders and got his entry into Hollywood as an action hero and is known as a Hollywood action film icon. The name of Arnold Schwarzenegger immediately brings in the memory of the epic film Terminator that created records across the globe. Apart from Terminator, Arnold has made his appearance in many successful films such as, Commando, Predator, The Running Man, Twins, Total Recall, True Lies and Kindergarten Cop(Gallo, 2012). Arnold Schwarzenegger has also been the author of several bestselling books and have gained good success has a filmmaker. I t was in 2003 when he was first elected as a Republican to replace Gray Devis in a special recall election. He served his term as a Governor till 2011 and it was during thus tenure that he created an image of a model leader for the 21st century in the minds of his followers (Laird, 2014). He has all the traits of good successful leader and is recognised worldwide for his Charismatic leadership style. He is an effective communicator who has a unique vision and possess an inherit charisma that help motivating and influence behaviour of his followers. He used his popularity in bodybuilding to achieve all his career goals and eventually he used his popularity as celebrity to enter politics and being desired changes in society. His popularity as a bodybuilder and then a renowned Hollywood star helped him become the Governor of the state of California with overwhelming majority. Arnolds charismatic leadership style not only helped him in achieving his career goals but also enabled him bri ng notable changes in the society while he served as the Governor. Arnold Schwarzeneggers Charismatic Leadership Style Recognised worldwide as a great bodybuilder, renowned Hollywood action film icon and an American political leader, Arnold Schwarzenegger had a vision for himself which he named as the American dream (Gallo, 2012). Born in Austria, Arnold always wanted to become recognised personnel in America. He took the path of hard-work, determination and dedication to achieve his goals. He took the path of bodybuilding to enter Hollywood as an action icon and his popularity in Hollywood helped him win Governor Elections with overwhelming majority. Arnold since very beginning of his career laid emphasis on developing strong interpersonal relationships with people associated with him. He displays an inherit charisma that helped him influence and motivate others. He possessed the ability of involving people around him towards a common mission(Laird, 2014). He possesses effective communication skills which helped him communicate his vision to others and ensure people feel connected to the vision. Arn old possessed an ability to connect emotionally with his followers at a deeper level and identify their needs and concerns. He always appeared as an extrovert leader who was open for public meetings, media interviews and all forms of two-way communication(Gallo, 2012). All these traits and characteristics of Arnold Schwarzenegger points to the fact that he used charismatic leadership style to motivate direct and influence his followers. Leaders using charismatic leadership style use their personality and charm as the most important tool to gather followers and their trust(Adair, 2009). Their commitment and conviction to their vision and purpose drive charismatic leaders. Charismatic leadership style is often referred to as transformational leadership style as there are many similarities between the two leadership styles. Like transformational leaders who have a vision for change and innovation, charismatic leaders also focus on bring valuable changes in the ordinary ways of thinking and working(Ballantyne, 2009). However transformational leadership style and charismatic leadership style differ in terms of their audience and focus. Leaders with transformational leadership style emphasize on transforming the organisation in a way that help achieving their vision. Contrary to this leaders with charismatic leadership style emphasize on making the status quo better which in turn help them in achieving their vision(Armstr ong Stephens, 2005). Arnold Schwarzenegger with his charismatic leadership style always focused on making the status quo better and gaining a huge fan following which ultimately helped him in developing a successful political career. He used his engaging personality, effective communication, powerful oratory and unwavering commitment to bring positive changes in the lives of millions of individuals. Leaders using charismatic leadership style can be easily differentiated from other leaders as they are essentially highly skilled communicators, not only are they verbally eloquent but also possess the ability to communicate and connect with their followers on a deep, emotional level(Bass Bass, 2009). Leadership effectiveness of charismatic leaders is more evident in times of crisis as they exhibit exceptional devotion towards their vision and expertise in their fields. Charismatic leadership style enable these leaders develop a clear vision and engage with a comparatively larger audience. Unlike the other leadership styles, charismatic leadership style depends more on the actions of the leaders and their personality compared to the present processes and structures (Tellis, 2006). Arnold Schwarzenegger as a true charismatic leader used his personality and charm to engage with a large audience. He with his effective communication style could connect emotionally with his followers. As he himself has work hard to achieve his goals he could understand the needs and concerns of his followers at a deeper level. Most of his speeches, press conferences and presentations would include stories of his hard work, firm determination, struggles, success and life experiences which helped him communicate his vision with a larger audience(Gallo, 2012). Schwarzenegger was funny, charming, inspiring, and smart and had gained an expertise in public speaking through relentless practice. He could make his audience feel that he was one among them and has passed through almost similar problems while he was trying to achieve his career goals. Effectiveness of Charismatic leadership style relies greatly on the leaders ability to inspire and influence followers(Mullins, 2011). Like any other leadership styles, charismatic leadership style is recognisable but can be perceived with less tangibility. Charismatic leadership style enhances leaders ability to inspire and motivate their audience to be better and work hard for the greater good of the society. Leaders primary focus is to align the thought and efforts of their followers towards a common goal(Palmer, Walls, Burgess, Stough, 2001). Charismatic leadership style encourages boldness and initiatives. They encourage their followers to enhance their personality and charm and believe in themselves. These leaders have a personal vision which has a great deal of influence on their audience. Instead of emphasizing on existing ways of doing things, charismatic leaders emphasize on passion and moral compass(Blanken, 2016). Arnold Schwarzenegger always believed in his dreams, born in Austria he had a vision of becoming a renowned American and called his vision as American Dream. He started his career as bodybuilders and eventually moved to Hollywood and then into politics. His speeches as always very motivation and quotes like consider oneself as a brand irrespective of the career path possessed immense strength to motivate and engage his listeners. He believes that great brands are always run but effective leaders who have created specific vision. Arnold ultimate goal was to reach America and to achieve this he followed his vision of becoming the worlds champion in bodybuilding(Gallo, 2012). Since childhood, Arnold not only dared to dream big but he dreamed bigger than others, a quality that made him different from others. He followed his dreams with hard work and firm determination and his life story became a lesson for many of his followers. Leadership quotes like if you can see it and believe it, you can achieve it inspired many of his followers and help ed them in achieving their personal and professional goals. Arnold Schwarzenegger encourages his followers to dream above normal because in todays highly competitive global economy, being normal only guarantees below-average results (Laird, 2014). His followers felt engaged and could see themselves aligned with his vision of making the state of California a better place to live. Leaders using charismatic leadership style are often found to be more sensitive towards the needs of their followers and the environment(Bonnici, 2011). They are inclined to take personal risk for the betterment of the society. They are adept at using unconventional behaviour which differentiates them from other leaders. Charismatic leader make his follower believe that he is one among them and can relate with their needs and concerns(Fairholm, 2009). Arnold Schwarzenegger being a renowned bodybuilder and Hollywood star enjoys huge fan following and is an inspiration for many. His fans are highly interested in knowing about his life experiences and can relate to his struggles. His fans feel motivated and inspired to make efforts to achieve their dreams and bring a good change in the society. Arnold Schwarzenegger since beginning has emphasized on the adoption of green energy as he believes that climate change is the biggest issue of present time(Gallo, 2012). His actions at Californi a to adopt green energy not only helped creating more jobs in the state but also made it energy independent. Arnold Schwarzenegger as a true charismatic leaders used his popularity to engage a larger audience today the green energy and climate change initiative leading it to success. Leaders choice of leadership style has a direct cause and effect relationship upon their overall success and organisational effectiveness(Clements Washbush, 1999). Leadership style used by leader determines the culture, values, level of employee motivation and change tolerance within the organisation. Regardless of the leadership style selected, a leaders prime responsibility is to derive maximum benefit from organisations most expensive and vital resources that is its human resources. Ability to motivate and engage human resources of an organisation or community is a common trait shared by all successful leaders and their choice of a specific leadership style enhance their ability to do so(Clinebell, Trijonyte, Reardon, 2013). Charismatic leadership style is one of the most successful trait-driven leadership styles wherein the leader possesses an ability to create a vision and also has the personality and charm to motivate and engage their followers to execute that vision. Arnold Schwarzenegger had a vision for himself and the community and with his charismatic leadership style he very effectively motivated and engaged those around him to execute that vision. Arnold Schwarzenegger speeches had always been highly motivational and he showed his complete support to creativity and innovation(Laird, 2014). Being a socialised charismatic leader Arnold Schwarzenegger encouraged two-way communication, worked for empowering his followers and served the interest of community above everything else. Like any other leadership style, charismatic leadership style has its own strengths and weaknesses. One of the most recognisable strength of charismatic leadership style is the timing in which the leader enters the scene(Jong Hartog, 2007). Charismatic leaders mostly make their appearance in the times of crisis or difficulties. Arnold Schwarzenegger appeared as a political leader in the recall elections for the Governor of the state of California. He replaced Grey Davis the formal Governor of California with overwhelming majority owing to his personality, charm and ability to connect with his followers at a deeper, emotional level. Leaders with charismatic leadership style often dream bigger than their counterparts and believe strongly in their vision and cause and getting things done in their ways(Jr, 2005). These leaders strive for change, cause and innovation. Arnold Schwarzeneggers dreams were bigger than any normal man; he believed in his dreams and did everything possible to a chieve them. Charismatic leadership style focuses on leading with value transformation(Kitchin, 2010). The leader aims at bringing a considerable change in the values, needs, goals and self-concepts of their people. Instead of satisfying the existing needs and concerns of their people they tend to change the attitude and behaviour of their people in a positive direction and align their efforts to a common vision. Leaders with charismatic leadership style use their personality, effective communication and storytelling to motivate and inspire behaviour of their people(Bryman, 2013). They encourage their followers to dream bigger than normal, believe in those dreams and find ways of fulfilling those dreams. Arnold Schwarzenegger always shared his personal experiences and the struggles he faced to inspire his people. Charismatic leadership style helped him in achieving his big dreams and also contributes towards the betterment of the society. It enabled Arnold Schwarzenegger enhance his abilities of easily gathering support from a large audience, create and communicate effectively a vision of change and cause, convey positive energy and a sense of presence and to take innovative and unconventional approach to problem-solving and decision making (Bertocci, 2009). Arnold Schwarzenegger already had a strong visual presence owing to his looks and his profession and use of charismatic leadership style helped him in improving his oratory skills. In all his speeches and presentations he used stirring words and emotional effects to communicate his vision to his followers. Strength of charismatic leadership style is that it enhances leaders ability to develop strong social capital which refers to the collective value of networks and the inclination resulting from these networks to do good for each other. However, apart from these strengths charismatic leadership style also has some weaknesses such as they can leave. People following a charismatic leader often find it difficult to stick to the same vision and purpose when the leader leaves. In absence of a charismatic leader, followers appear rudderless and without direction(Armstrong Stephens, 2005). It is often seen that leaders under the influence of charismatic leadership style end up making promises that they cannot achieve. Their believe themselves and have high self-confidence and in the process they sometimes ignore the process of evaluating the capabilities of their followers. Their speeches are motivational and inspiring but at times the followers actually lack relevant skills to achieve certain goals(Bryman, 2013). Dreaming big and believing in those dreams is good but it is also important to work towards those dreams, mere words cannot build castles. Empowering language and popular powerful buzz words are helpful in creat ing a sense of urgency to align people towards a common goal, but these can have a negative affect when just words are being communicated and people see no actions. Arnold Schwarzenegger won the recall elections against Grey Davis with overwhelming majority owing to his popularity and charm but as his tenure being a Governor was evaluated it was found that he was successful in engaging a large audience but was not must successful in fulfilling his promises. Another recognisable weakness of charismatic leadership style is that it makes the leader feel suffocating under the weight of material measures and expectations(Adair, 2009). Compared to any other leadership style, charismatic leadership style is more susceptible to losing steam. As the leader using charismatic leadership style sets big expectations since the beginning, the emotional and psychological requirements of followers can become very high and the leader might not be able to satisfy those needs as they are involved in im plementing their thoughts, thus leaving the followers unsatisfied. Arnold Schwarzenegger emerged as an effective leader in time of crisis and his charismatic leadership style helped him win support from a large audience, however as time passed by expectations grew and as he was unable to meet all those expectations his popularity as a politician reduced. Tensions start developing between leaders and followers when followers sense a lack of leader follow-through which eventually results in burning out of the charismatic leader(Mullins, 2011). Similar was the case with Arnold Schwarzenegger when he was not re-elected as the Governor of the state of California again. People had enough of his motivational and inspiring speeches and life lessons and as it always happens in a human environment, they wanted something new to feed their emotional and psychological needs. Conclusion Charismatic leadership style is one which enables leaders to use their personality and charm to engage a larger audience and align them towards a common vision and purpose. Charismatic leaders possess the ability to create a vision for change and are natural orators who can communicate their vision effectively to their followers. Charismatic leadership style enabled Arnold Schwarzenegger create a big vision for himself called the American dream, believe in his vision and make all efforts possible to achieve his vision. It helped him use his personality and charm to win recall elections against Grey Davis, the former Governor of the state of California with overwhelming majority. However at the same time it was evaluated that Arnold Schwarzenegger performed poorly as a Governor as it was more about motivation speeches than realistic actions. References Adair, J. (2009). Leadership and Motivation: The Fifty-Fifty Rule and the Eight Key Principles of Motivating Others. London: Kogan Page Publishers. Armstrong, M., Stephens, T. (2005). A Handbook of Management and Leadership: A Guide to Managing for Results. London: Kogan Page Publishers. Ballantyne, S. (2009). Leadership decision-making utilizing a strategic focus to enhance global achievement. Journal of Management and Marketing Research , 1 (1), 1-6. Bass, B. M., Bass, R. (2009). The Bass Handbook of Leadership: Theory, Research, and Managerial Applications. New York: Simon and Schuster. Bertocci, D. I. (2009). Leadership in Organizations: There is a Difference Between Leaders and Managers. Maryland: University Press of America. Blanken, R. (2016). 8 Common Leadership Styles. Retrieved 2016, from asae: https://www.asaecenter.org/resources/articles/an_magazine/2013/january/8-common leadership-styles Bonnici, C. A. (2011). Creating a Successful Leadership Style: Principles of Personal Strategic Planning. London: RL Education. Bryman, A. (2013). Leadership and organizations. New Jersey: Routledge. Clements, C., Washbush, J. B. (1999). The two faces of leadership: considering the dark side of leaderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ follower dynamics. Journal of Workplace Learning , 11 (5), 170-176. Clinebell, S., Trijonyte, R., Reardon, J. (2013). Impact Of Leadership Styles On Employee Organizational Commitment. Journal of Service Science (JSS) , 6 (1). Fairholm, M. R. (2009). Leadership and Organizational Strategy. The Innovation Journal: The Public Sector Innovation Journal , 14 (1), 1-16. Gallo, C. (2012). What Arnold Schwarzenegger Taught Me About Building A Successful Career.Retrieved 2016, from Forbes: https://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2012/10/02/what arnold-schwarzenegger-taught-me-about-building-a-successful-career/#52344c9e4a09 Hellriegel, D., John W. Slocum, J. (2011). Organisational Behaviour. New York: Cengage Learning. Jong, J. P., Hartog, D. N. (2007). How leaders influence employees' innovative behaviour. European Journal of Innovation Management , 10 (1), 41-64. Jr, J. E. (2005). Motivation and Transactional, Charismatic, and Transformational Leadership: A Test of Antecedents. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies , 11 (4), 25-39. Kitchin, D. (2010). An Introduction to Organisational Behaviour for Managers and Engineers. New Jersey: Routledge. Laird, S. (2014). Charismatic Leadership Vs Transformational Leadership. Retrieved 2016, from Business Lights: https://businesslightsideas.com/?p=8360 Mullins, L. J. (2011). Essentials of Organisational Behaviour. London: Financial Times Prentice Hall. Palmer, B., Walls, M., Burgess, Z., Stough, C. (2001). Emotional intelligence and effective leadership. Leadership Organization Development Journal , 5-10. Tellis, G. J. (2006). Disruptive Technology or Visionary Leadership? Journal of Product Innovation Management , 23 (1), 34-38.

The development of twentieth

Walter notes: â€Å"In the twentieth century, the music industry underwent a revolution and it brought with it new freedom and wide experimentation. Although there was an emergence of new musical styles and forms which challenged the normal and accepted rules that applied during the earlier periods.† [1] However, there are many composers who continued to work in forms and in a musical language that originated from the nineteenth century. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The development of twentieth-century music: Schoenberg Vs. Stravinsky specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Nonetheless, modernism became increasingly outstanding and important with composers experimenting with form, tonality and orchestration. These composers are such as Rachmaninoff, Edward Elgar, Claude Debussy and post-Wagnerian composers such as Richard Strauss and Gustav Mahler. A few of the other composers such as Busoni, Schreker, Igor S travinsky and Arnold Schoenberg had already been recognized as modernists even before 1914. All of these composers offered major contributions in the development of music during the 20th century in their own exceptional ways. This paper deals with two of the most significant and vital figures in this development and the roles they played. Arnold Schoenberg and Igor Stravinsky were two of the most noteworthy composers during the twentieth century, both with different but equally notable roles to the progress of the music industry. Arnold Schoenberg, an Austrian but later became an American composer, was born on 13th September 1874 in the Leopoldstadt district, Vienna in a lower middle class Jewish family. Walter notes â€Å"Schoenberg was linked to the expressionist movement in German poetry and art and he was also a leader of the Second Viennese School.† [2] Schoenberg’s major milestone in the musical scene of the 20th century was his approach in terms of harmony and d evelopment. His approach and thoughts on music have been consciously extended by at least three generations both in the American and European traditions. In some instances, it has also been passionately reacted against such as during the rise of the Nazi party in Austria when his music was labeled as degenerate art. Schoenberg’s name was used as a personification of what turned out to be most polemical aspect of the 20th century art music, advancement in atonality. During the 1920’s, Schoenberg came up with the twelve-tone technique. This is a method of manipulating an ordered series of the twelve notes that are found in the chromatic scale which is has proved to be significant to a great extent. In addition to coming up with the term â€Å"developing variation†, he was also the first modern composer to acknowledge an approach of developing motifs without considering the idea of the supremacy of a centralized melodic idea.[3]Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Heinz notes â€Å"apart from him being a painter, a prominent teacher of composition as well as a significant music theorist, Schoenberg taught a number of well-known musicians such as Alban Berg, Anton Webern, Hanns Eisler, John Cage, Lou Harrison, Earl Kim and many others.†[4] Many of his practices such as openly engaging audiences to think critically and crafting the compositional method in a formal way are replicated in advanced musical structures throughout the 20th century. Schoenberg’s past life, visualizations and his views on music which was regularly polemical were crucial to a lot of the major musicologists and opponents of the 20th century era. However, at the age of 42, he found himself enlisted into the army with the instigation of World War 1. His involvement in Military service brought a crisis in his development as it disrupted his life. As a result , Schoenberg was never able to do his work without interruptions or for a long period of time, therefore leaving a lot of unfinished work and some in their initial stages but were yet to be developed. In spite of Arnold Schoenberg being a significant composer of the 20th century, I consider Igor Stravinsky to be more prominent of the two. Stravinsky is renowned as one of the pioneering, ingenious and high-profiled composers of the twentieth century music. He is originally from Russia and was born in 1882 in Lomonosov (originally named Oranienbaum) into a musical family. However he later became a citizen of France and eventually The United States. Despite Stravinsky’s father being an operatic bass player, his parents did not support him and wanted him to practice law. His personal interest however was more concentrated on the musical element and by the time his father passed away in 1902, he was already focusing lesser on his law classes and spending more of his time on his m usical studies. During his university years, he made the acquaintance of Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov who was a leading Russian composer at that time. He decided to become a composer at age 20 and therefore Rimsky-Korsakov who also became like a second father to him, took him under his private tutelage from 1902 – 1908. In 1909, his piece Feu d’artifice (Fireworks) was heard by Sergei Diaghilev, the director of the Ballets Russes in Paris during a performance in Saint Petersburg. Diaghilev was satisfactorily impressed and he therefore hired Stravinsky to carry out some orchestrations and as a result he wrote the first ballet for the theater which he named The Firebird. Afterward this was rapidly followed by Petrushka and the Rite of Spring.[5] During his career, which spanned through six decades he composed an impressive succession of works of astounding diversity. There were the vibrantly colorful Russian ballets of the early stages, the sharp wit and purity depicted in his neo-classical compositions and the prevailing spirituality seen in works such as the Symphony of Psalms. In his later works, one could also recognize the highly individual application of serialism. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The development of twentieth-century music: Schoenberg Vs. Stravinsky specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More â€Å"Stravinsky’s career-life can be categorized into 3 stylistic periods: The first period is the Russian Period, which began with Feu d’artifice and attained reputation with the three ballets that were composed for Diaghilev.† These ballets are L’oiseau de feu, Petrushka and Le Sacre du Printemps, which was among the most legendary classical music revolution. The works of this period were largely influenced by Rimsky-Korsakov’s imaginative scoring and use of instruments and mainly employed Russian folk themes and motifs. The second period whi ch is known as the Neo-classical period began from around 1920 when he implemented a musical idiom that was comparable to that of the classical period up till 1954 when he adjusted to twelve-tone serialism. Stravinsky’s earlier masterpieces, which highlighted his re-evaluation of Mozart’s and Bach’s conventional songs, were â€Å"Pulcinella† and â€Å"The Octet†. For this style, he took up wind instruments and disposed of the large orchestras that were frequently required for ballet. The last neo-classical work was the opera, The Rake’s Progress in 1951 that was based on the designs of Hogarth. From 1954 to 1968, there was the third period which was also known as the serial period. This is when Stravinsky started using successive compositional techniques that included the twelve-tone technique that was initially invented by Arnold Schoenberg along with dodecaphony. He used the twelve-tone technique in compositions such as Memoriam Dylan Th omas, Agon and Canticum Sacrum. He also expanded his use of dodecaphony in Threni, A Sermon, a narrative and a prayer and in The Flood all founded on biblical content. Stravinsky is considered an authority in 20th century music and has had considerable influence on composers of all times in all divisions of music. â€Å"In his use of motivic development, which refers to the use of musical figures used in a composition, Stravinsky used additive motivic development where he added and subtracted notes without regard to the consequent change in meters.† [6] He was also famous for using a distinct rhythm especially in The Rite of Spring, which later influenced composer Aaron Copland to a great extent. According to Andrew J. Browne, â€Å"Stravinsky is perhaps the only composer who has raised rhythm in itself to the dignity of art.† Stravinsky’s use of neo-classicism led to a widespread use of this style by composers in the late 1920’s and 1930’s. In ad dition, he used folk material and often exposed folk themes to their most melodic summaries using techniques such inversion and diminution to contort them. In orchestration, Stravinsky’s ‘The Rite of Spring’ has been discerned as the leading orchestral achievement in the 20th century. He also wrote for unique blends of instruments set up in smaller groups. Besides, he is well known for periodically utilizing extreme arrays of instruments.[7]Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As evidently observed, apart from his technical innovations in harmony and rhythm, one can detect the varying faces of his compositional technique but with a preservation of a distinct individuality, which was also very significant. Stravinsky got his inspiration from different cultures, languages and literatures and therefore the influence he had on composers during his lifetime and even after his death is still remarkable. Bibliography Copland, A Music and Imagination. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1952. Stuckenschmidt, H Schoenberg: his life, world, and work. Schirmer Books, New York, 1978. White, E Stravinsky: The Composer and His Works (Second Ed.). University of California Press, Los Angeles, 1979. E W White. Stravinsky: The Composer and His Works (Second Ed.). Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1979, p. 141 E W White, Stravinsky: The Composer and His Works (Second Ed.), Berkeley and Los Angeles, University of California Press, 1979, p. 155 E W W hite, Stravinsky: The Composer and His Works (Second Ed.), Berkeley and Los Angeles, University of California Press, 1979, p. 256 H stuckenschmindt, Schoenberg: his life, world, and work, New York, Schirmer Books, 1978, p. 15 A Copland, Music and Imagination, Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1952, p. 531. W E Walter, Stravinsky: The Composer and His Works (Second Ed.), Berkeley and Los Angeles, University of California Press, 1979, p. 54. H Stuckenschmindt, Schoenberg: his life, world, and work, New York, Schirmer Books, 1978, p. 124 This essay on The development of twentieth-century music: Schoenberg Vs. Stravinsky was written and submitted by user Paityn George to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

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